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The idea of capturing the mysterious, invisible energy of wind excites people. Ever thought of owning a wind turbine and enjoy the endless energy it generates while watching a windmill spinning in the breeze? This article intends to help you to convert that excitement into practical perspective, by sharing a holistic introduction to the world of windmill electricity.
First thing you need to do before constructing a windmill electricity system for your house; you need to equip yourself with good knowledge about the technology. Understanding the physics of wind energy enables you to make good decision on the design and planning. Ensuring that the design of your windmil electricity system is based on realistic and practical ground, so that the final product will produce expected usable electricity.
To generate wind electricity, you need more than a generator. Here is a list of the most basic parts needed to assemble a wind energy system:
Evaluate wind resource means finding out how much wind energy potential you are able to capture from a given location.
Average Wind Speed:- The achieve more accurate measurement of the average wind speed of your targeted location, you should be taking record of multiple wind speeds over a specific period of time, and derive an average from all the readings. This measurement gives you the information you need to calculate the output from a windmill electricity generator.
The ideal average wind speed should read between 7 to 12mph in order to generate enough electricity from a home-scale wind electricity generator. If you get below 7mph, it is probably not a good location as you may not get enough energy needed.
Peak Wind Speed:- You also should take record of the strongest wind speed of the location, and know how regular it occurs. This information will help you to build a wind tower that will withstand the strongest wind in the worst-case scenario.
Take a look at this detailed “DIY Wind Turbine” guide. It contains step-by-step information from designing, installation, to maintaining a windmill electricity generator system.
The Basic Wind Energy Formula: P = 1/2DAV3
Power = 1/2 × the density of the air × the swept area of the wind generator × the wind speed cubed
This is just pure physics. It provides important information about the height of the tower, size of the turbine, and user expectations.
Technically speaking, power and energy are different, although most people use the terms interchangeably. Basically, power is an instant measure of the energy available, not cumulative of energy over a certain length of time.
The formula measures the power available in the wind, at a particular air density and wind speed, from a certain size of rotor (spinning blade).
Air density can play a crucial role in the amount power available to the wind turbine. The air gets denser in a cooler climate and thinner in warmer days. As moving air is fuel to your wind turbine, dense air provides more power available than thin air. Therefore, winter winds contain more power than summer winds. Air at sea level tends to be denser than air at a higher altitude.
Swept area is the spinning area of the rotor, depending on the length of the rotor. This is the collector, and it captures the wind energy, so that the generator, build behind the turbine’s rotor, converts energy into wind electricity. The bigger the collector, the more energy it is able to collect.
Typical home-based wind turbines are generally in the range of 12 to 15 foot in diameter.
Wind speed is the most significant factors in the formula. It is normally measured in wind speed cube (V3), and a small variation in the speed of wind could translate to a significant effect on the amount of electricity you can generate.
A 2 times increase in wind speed could possibly give 8 times the available power in the wind. In fact, one of the most common mistakes for home-based wind electricity system is building a low wind tower. Low tower will shortchange the performance of the generator. It is viable to build your tower 20 to 60 feet higher, so you can gain a few miles per hour of wind speed.
Most people pay utility bills based on the kilowatt-hours (kWh) consumed. This is the measurement unit based you should focus on when planning to construct or installing a wind turbine from a supplier. Ask for a report on energy curves or graph, which shows the estimation of energy production at a variety of average wind speeds, over a certain period of time (monthly, annually).
Here’s an example:
Unfortunately, there isn’t a standard measurement or testing document available in the wind power industry currently. Instead of just relying on the information provided by the manufacturers, I suggest you use some additional supplementary measurement methods to support your decision.
Published by 2 wind energy experts, there are 2 wind energy formulas you can use to estimate the potential wind electricity production. But there again, the figures are just estimation for your reference, as no one can possibly measure wind energy with great level of accuracy.
An article written by Hugh Piggott, titled “Estimating Wind Energy” was published in Home Power magazine in 2004. In his article, he suggested using a formula to estimate the average wind power production of a particular moment (probably an hour).
Average production (in watts) = (wind speed in mph)3 × (rotor diameter in feet)2 ÷ 600
An expert in wind energy, he has been involved in testing of the performance of various wind turbines. Instead of a formula, he provided a table to show the highest possible energy (kWh) from the wind you can get (Betz limit), and an estimation of the best kWh per square foot one can possibly obtain from typical turbines.
Here are the tables:
Down to practicality, you need to access your situation and conditions of your site. Here’s a quick check:
If the conditions do not allow you to use windmill electricity, you can always turn to other alternative energy options. For example, the solar energy generator, magnetic motor generator, just to name a few. They were equally exciting and challenging, and may even be more reachable and effective than wind electricity.
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